Abstract
Air pollution has been a key problem for a long time in cities and peri-urban areas. Recently, this issue has become a social problem due to rapid industrial and economic development in many countries of the world. Acid rain formed from two major air pollutants, such as sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxide (NOx), is a serious environmental problem worldwide, and is considered a major abiotic stress to plants. Nonetheless, only limited information is available on the influence of acid rain on plants. In this chapter, we aim to review the recent research findings on the effect of acid rain on plants. We discuss the causes and the mechanisms behind the formation of acid rain. The analysis has been extended to the exploration of the detrimental effects of acid rain on plant growth, photosynthetic efficiency, antioxidant potential, and relevant metabolic changes. Although recent advancements in pharmacological research have revealed new approaches to overcome the hazardous effects of acid rain on plants, future research using advanced molecular tools is urgently needed to safeguard crop cultivation against harsh environmental conditions induced by acid rain.
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