Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the effects of application time of an acid mixture solution on the surface roughness, phase transformation, and biaxial flexural strength of 3Y-TZP after sintering or air abrasion. For the biaxial flexural strength measurement, 220 3Y-TZP disk-shaped specimens were prepared after as-sintering or air abrasion. The etching solution comprised a mixture of hydrofluoric acid, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, methyl alcohol, and purified water. The samples were divided into 11 subgroups according to the etching times (Control, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 10, 12, 15, 20, and 30 min). The results showed that acid treatment on both as-sintered and air-abraded 3Y-TZP surfaces increased the surface roughness. However, it had no significant effects on the monoclinic phase or flexural strength of as-sintered zirconia. The monoclinic phase and flexural strength of air-abraded zirconia increased sharply after air abrasion; however, they gradually decreased after acid treatment, to a similar level to the case of the untreated surface. Surface treatment with acid mixture increased the roughness, but the lack of increase of monoclinic phase is thought to be because the loose monoclinic particles remaining on the surface were removed through the etching process.
Highlights
For many years, the metal ceramic crown has been the most commonly used dental crown in aesthetic prosthetic restoration
Surface treatment using acid mixture of the as-sintered zirconia surface produced a slight increase of the monoclinic-phase contents
On the surface of air-abraded zirconia, the monoclinic phase content increased considerably after air abrasion; the removal of loose monoclinic particles was occurred with the increase in acid treatment time
Summary
The metal ceramic crown has been the most commonly used dental crown in aesthetic prosthetic restoration. Various high-strength all-ceramic restorative materials with natural tooth shades have been introduced in the market. They are widely used for tooth loss areas of various spans, including multi-unit bridges [2,3,4]. Among these materials, zirconia, especially yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystals (Y-TZP), is known to offer natural tooth shades, wear resistance, and biocompatibility [5,6]. Because the zirconia prosthesis can be manufactured at a lower cost than conventional crowns, it is used for various applications, such as implant crowns, implant abutments, inlays, and onlays, as well as crowns and fixed partial dentures on natural teeth [9,10]
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