Effect of ABO blood groups on long-term outcome of stable coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate the effect of ABO blood groups on long-term outcome of stable coronary artery disease (CAD) after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Methods: A total of 4 272 patients with stable coronary artery disease and received PCI were consecutively enrolled from January to December 2013 and followed up for 2 years. Patients were divided into O group and non-O group according to their ABO groups. Multivariable COX regression was used to evaluated the relationship between ABO blood groups and prognosis of CAD. The endpoints included all-cause death, cardiac death, myocardial infarction(MI), revascularization, and stroke. Results: There were 1 302 patients in O group and 2 970 patients in non-O group. ABO blood group was not associated with age, sex and blood pressure (P>0.05). The comorbidity rate of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, smoking, family history, previous MI, previous cerebrovascular disease, previous PCI and left ventricular ejection fraction were similar between the two groups (P>0.05). Total cholesterol, low density lipid cholesterol level were significantly higher in non-O group compared with O group [(4.2±1.1)mmol/L vs (4.1±1.1)mmol/L, P=0.027; (2.5±0.9)mmol/L vs (2.4±0.9) mmol/L, P=0.025], while high density lipid cholesterol level was significantly lower[(1.04±0.26) mmol/L vs (1.06±0.28) mmol/L, P=0.035]. As to angiographic results, non-O blood group was not related to the severity of coronary atherosclerosis assessed by SYNTAX score(P=0.277). More cardiac death occurred in non-O group compared with that in O group [21 (0.7%) vs 2(0.1%)] during 2-year follow-up. After adjusted for confounding factors, multivariable COX regression revealed that non-O blood type was not associated with increased cardiac death [HR (95%CI)=7.30(0.97-55.09), P=0.054]. Conclusion: Non-O blood group is associated with 2-year cardiac death in patients with stable coronary artery disease who received PCI, but it is not an independent risk factor for cardiac death.