Effect of a Weekly Text Message Program on Infant Food Group Intake in WIC Participating Families

Abstract

ObjectivesTo test the effect of a weekly test message (SMS) program for improving feeding practices and infant weight on infant intake of specific food groups.MethodsThis study was a multi-site, randomized clinical trial, in 202 caregivers of healthy term infants participating in either the Puerto Rico or Hawaii WIC program. Participants were randomized to receive SMS about either infant's general health issues (control) or SMS for improving feeding practices (intervention) for four months. Anthropometrics and demographics were assessed at baseline. A validated infant food frequency questionnaire was assessed at the four-month visit to assess intake of general food groups.ResultsA total of 164 participants completed the study (n = 84 control and n = 80 intervention). Baseline characteristics were similar between both groups. At 4–6 months of age, consumption of food groups was similar between both groups and overall, 0 oz (SD: .011) of protein, .49 oz (SD: 1.74) whole grains, .35 oz (SD: 1.14) refined grains, .83 oz (SD: 4.07) fruits, .55 oz (SD: 1.99) vegetables, .20 oz (SD: .883) juices, and 0 oz (SD: .005) of salty snacks were consumed.ConclusionsThere was no significant difference among food group intake with the intervention. Starting messaging during pregnancy and messages tailored to first foods may improve the outcomes of future studies. SMS interventions may be an appropriate way to continue care between WIC visits.Funding SourcesThis study was supported by the National Institute of Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD), of the National Institutes of Health. Infrastructure support was also provided in part by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities RCMI Grant. This research was also supported in part by the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (NIMHD) of the National Institutes of Health (NIH).