Effect of a Sedation Weaning Protocol on Safety and Medication Use among Hospitalized Children Post Critical Illness

Abstract

BackgroundBest practice guidelines for the safe and compassionate care of critically ill children necessitates the use of sedation to ensure adequate ventilation, patient safety and comfort. Prolonged use of sedation can result in tolerance, physical dependence and iatrogenic withdrawal syndrome if medications are weaned too quickly. ProblemIn the context of medication errors related to parent administration of outpatient sedation weans, we set out to improve the safety of children weaning from sedatives. MethodsA retrospective analysis was completed. Quality improvement was guided by using Plan-Do-Study-Act cycles. InterventionsAn evidence-based post PICU sedation weaning guideline was created and implemented over time with ongoing education, and review of progress with staff members with pre-post evaluation. ResultsPost intervention, there were significant differences in the numbers of patients discharged on home weaning from both opioids and benzodiazepines (11%, n = 24/219 pre; 3%, n = 7/233 post; p < 0.005). The number of patients discharged with a methadone wean decreased (7%, n = 16/219 pre; 0%, 0/233 post; p = 0.03). Despite these differences, there were no significant differences in the median hospital length of stay (42 pre; 39 post; p = 0.35). Post implementation more children had mild to moderate symptoms of withdrawal (11% pre; 21% post; p < 0.005) as compared to pre-implementation, however, the percentage of severe symptoms remained consistently low (0.6% pre; 1% post; p = 0.11). ConclusionsImplementation of an evidence-based post PICU weaning guideline significantly reduced the number of patients discharged on potentially dangerous medications with modest increases in mild-moderate symptoms of withdrawal and no significant change in length of stay or the incidence of severe symptoms of withdrawal.