Abstract
Objective: to assess the effect of the preparation plan for hospital discharge on the self-care agency capacity and adherence to treatment in the patients with Diabetes Mellitus treated in the Erasmo Meoz University Hospital (Hospital Universitario Erasmo Meoz, HUEM) during 2019. Materials and methods: a quasi-experimental study, with pre-/post-test assessment in the study group, guided by Dorothea Orem’s theory, with a non-probabilistic sampling of 88 individuals, by convenience. It was conducted by implementing the following instruments: therapeutic conduct, disease or lesion, and scale to assess the self-care agency capacity (ASA); data analysis was performed in Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS, version 22.0. Parametric (Student’s t-test for paired samples) and non-parametric (Wilcoxon) statistical tests were also used, considering p-values < 0.05 as statistically significant. Results: the initial self-care agency capacity was 61.48 (low) and the final was 80.43 (fair); therapeutic adherence compliance in the initial assessment was occasionally shown (2.82) and frequently shown at the end (4.38), with both variables showing a statistically significant difference with p-values < 0.05. Conclusions: it was determined that the intervention performed had a positive effect on therapeutic adherence and the self-care agency capacity of the diabetic patients subjected to the intervention.
Highlights
According to the WHO [1], Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that develops when the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin or when the organism is not able to use it effectively; according to world statistics, by 2017, 425 million people presented this pathology and there were four million deaths, being the fourth cause of death in Latin America [2].According to the Colombian Health Situational Analysis corresponding to the same year, Diabetes Mellitus was the sixth cause of death with a mortality rate of 34.18 per 100,000 inhabitants and with 1,099,417 people affected by the disease, the rate being higher in women (58.9 %)
Diabetes Mellitus is a pathology in which outpatient treatment is interrupted by the patients, making them susceptible to presenting complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases that need hospitalization and alter the biopsychosocial sphere; this implies a major challenge since diagnosis represents important changes in lifestyle since, without adequate educational support, the outcomes can be anxiety, depression, and deterioration in the quality of life, which is translated into decreased self-care [6]
A total of 88 individuals participated in the study; their sociodemographic characteristics are shown in Table 1: 53 % were women and the predominant age group was from 61 to 70 years old, with %; the participants are married or in a consensual union, with % each marital status; 33 % has complete elementary school, and 69 % is unemployed
Summary
According to the WHO [1], Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease that develops when the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin or when the organism is not able to use it effectively; according to world statistics, by 2017, 425 million people presented this pathology and there were four million deaths, being the fourth cause of death in Latin America [2].According to the Colombian Health Situational Analysis corresponding to the same year, Diabetes Mellitus was the sixth cause of death with a mortality rate of 34.18 per 100,000 inhabitants and with 1,099,417 people affected by the disease, the rate being higher in women (58.9 %). Hospital readmissions represent a problem of major relevance for the health services worldwide; in Catalonia, the mean of readmissions due to Diabetes Mellitus complications in 2016 was 4.6% [4]. Diabetes Mellitus is a pathology in which outpatient treatment is interrupted by the patients, making them susceptible to presenting complications such as retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and cardiovascular diseases that need hospitalization and alter the biopsychosocial sphere; this implies a major challenge since diagnosis represents important changes in lifestyle since, without adequate educational support, the outcomes can be anxiety, depression, and deterioration in the quality of life, which is translated into decreased self-care [6]. The aforementioned can be avoided with timely support in disease management, this being one of the Nursing staff’s competencies, managing that the patients understand their disease and adhere to the treatment to prevent possible readmissions
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