Effect of a Novel High Phenolic Sorghum Bran (PI570481) on Lipid Accumulation in 3T3-L1 Cells

Abstract

ObjectivesObesity is the leading public health problem and the main cause of many other metabolic and chronic complications. Sorghum is the fifth most important cereal crop in the world and certain varieties contain significantly greater amounts of biologically active phenolic compounds than other strains. PI570481 is a novel strain of high phenolic sorghum bran and show anti-cancer activities. The objective of this study is to explore a potential use of PI570481 with other phenolic sorghum bran extracts (SC84 and Sumac) and a sorghum grain (white sorghum) for the differentiation of preadipocytes and to investigate cellular and molecular responses in differentiated adipocytes to elucidate related mechanisms. Methods3T3-L1 preadipocytes were cultured with DMEM containing 10% FBS and differentiated using a differentiation cocktail containing 1 μM dexamethasone, 0.5 mM isobutylmethylxanthine, and 5 μg/mL insulin in 10% FBS/DMEM. Lipid accumulation was measured by Oil Red O (ORO) staining. Cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glucose uptake were measured using DCFH-DA and 2-NBDG, respectively. Western blotting was performed to examine the expression of genes regulating adipogenesis, lipogenesis and cell signaling. ResultsSorghum extracts (PI570481, SC84, Sumac, white) did not cause cytotoxicity in both undifferentiated and differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Sorghum bran extracts (PI570481, SC84, Sumac) reduced intracellular lipid accumulation and expression of adipogenic and lipogenic proteins in dose-dependent manner in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Regarding anti-adipogenic mechanism, sorghum bran extracts (PI570481, SC84, Sumac) represses ROS production and MAPK signaling pathways in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. Sorghum bran extracts (PI570481, SC84, Sumac) also represses insulin signaling and glucose uptake in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. ConclusionsThese data propose a potential use of a novel high phenolic sorghum bran as functional food. Funding SourcesMaryland Agricultural Experiment Station (MAES) and National Institute of Food and Agriculture (Project #: MD-NFSC-201,176) to S-HL Cooperative Agreement grant from USDA-ARS to S-HL.