Effect of a mixture of GOS/FOS® on calcium absorption and retention during recovery from protein malnutrition: experimental model in growing rats.

Abstract

During growth, protein deprivation impairs epiphyseal growth plate (EGP) height, bone volume (BV) and endochondral ossification. During catch-up growth, Ca availability becomes essential to ensure the extra amount needed to achieve optimal peak bone mass and strength. GOS and FOS improve mineral absorption in the colon. The effect of a mixture of GOS/FOS® 9:1 added to a 0.5%Ca (NCa) and a 0.3%Ca (LCa) diets on Ca, P and Mg absorptions and bone mineralization, density and structure using an experimental model of growing rats recovering from early protein malnutrition was investigated. To induce protein malnutrition, rats were fed a low protein diet: 4% (LPD) during 1week and then were randomly assigned to recovery groups (R) until day 50 (T=50) as follows: R0.5%: NCa; RP0.5%: NCa+5.3% GOS/FOS®; R0.3%: LCa and RP0.3%: LCa+5.3% GOS/FOS®. Control groups received the 0.5%Ca or 0.3%Ca diet from weaning until day 40 or 50. Body weight and length increased in C groups throughout the study; both were arrested in all R during LPD consumption and increased immediately after re-feeding. Independently of dietary Ca content, LS counts, β-glucosidase and Ca, P and Mg absorption increased, whereas cecum pH, β-glucuronidase, urease and tryptophanase decreased in RP0.5%: and RP0.3%: as compared to the other studied groups (p<0.01). Prebiotic consumption decreased CTX levels and increased femur Ca, Mg and P contents, total skeleton bone mineral content, proximal tibia and spine BMD, BV, EGP height and hypertrophic zone thickness, stiffness and elastic modulus as compared to recovery groups fed the prebiotic-free diets. Under the present experimental conditions, GOS/FOS® mixture induced colonic positive effects, which increased Ca, P and Mg absorption. Thus, consuming the prebiotic-containing diet resulted in an extra amount of minerals that improved bone development in growing rats recovering from protein malnutrition.