EFFECT OF A MINERAL FERTILIZERS DOSES AND PLANT CUTTING PERIOD TO SEED POTATOES YIELD

Abstract

To obtain high-quality seed material, it is necessary to form a crop that has the largest amount of standard seed fraction of tubers in its structure, and plants are less affected by viral infection. To obtain high-quality seed material, it is necessary to form a crop that has the largest amount of standard seed fraction of tubers in its structure, and plants are less affected by viral infection. The research was conducted in 2018-2019 on the experimental fields of ISA. The technology of cultivation of a new variety was studied in the link of crop rotation: peas – winter wheat + white mustard-potatoes – spring wheat. The area of the experiment is 0.25 ha, the accounting area is 10 m2, the repetition is fourfold. The soil of the site: dark gray forest, heavy loam; humus content of 3.15%; potassium is 16.2, phosphorus – 19,6; soil pH is 5.4. Predecessor – winter wheat. Scheme of experience. Application of mineral fertilizers before planting and mowing the tops after flowering: N96P96K96, after 30 days, N96P96K96-45, N128P128K128-30, N128P128K128-45 days. The yield was taken into account (24.09.18 and 23.09.19)with the analysis of tubers by fractions: large, seed and non-standard. Mathematical data processing was carried out by the method of dispersion analysis (Dospekhov B. A. Method of field experience, 1985). In the studies, the following protection systems were used: treatment of tubers with Maxim – 0.4 l/t, spraying with herbicides Lazurit Super-0.5 l / ha + Escudo-0.025 kg/ha, treatment of vegetating plants with fungicides Metaxil-2.5 kg/ha, Thanos-0.6 kg/ha and insecticide Borey-0.15 l / ha. The results of two-year field tests on the effect of different doses of mineral fertilizers and the timing of mowing the tops on the yield of seed potatoes of the eupatium variety in the Ryazan region are presented. It was found that when cultivating seed potatoes using the proposed technology, the crop yield increased from 27.9 to 38.0 t/ha with a seed yield of 39.1 to 48.1%.