Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of a hydrogymnastics training program on highsensitivity C-reactive protein in elderly women. The subjects were randomly divided into the experimental group who participates in the hydrogymnastics training program and the control group who was not involved in the training and remained sedentary. The serum levels of highsensitivity C-reactive protein were determined by immunoturbidimetry using C-reactive protein (CRP), the training protocol consisted of hydrogymnastics sessions 5 times per week during 12 weeks of intervention, executed in a pool of 1.3 meters divided into three phases: a 10-minute warm-up, 30 minutes of aerobic exercise at 50%-60% of maximum heart rate (monitored by heart rate monitor) and a 10-minute cool down. As a statistical method to compare the results between groups of variables pre and post training, the analysis of variance (ANOVA) mixed 2 × 2 (group × measurement) test was done using SPSS version 17. The founds showed significant changes in the level of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and a greater percentage decrease of hs-CRP (Δ%= -37%, p = 0.001) in the experimental group in relation to the control group.Therefore, it can be inferred that a hydrogymnastics program is effective in reducing the metabolic rate of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein amongst elderly women.
Highlights
Aging is defined as the natural sequence of processes that occurs from birth until death and is characterized by the progressive decline of the body’s physiological capabilities, as it happens over all systems and organs [1]
One disorder that is associated with elderly adults is metabolic syndrome [4], that is a complex disease with various major clinical components of high cardiovascular risk such as: abdominal obesity, insulin resistance with or without glucose intolerance, atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension; indistinct and potentially dangerous combinations that substantially elevate the risk of devel
The subjects of this study were put through a hydrogymnastics program of moderate aerobic intensity in accordance with the standards established by the American College of Sports Medicine [18] and the American Heart Association [28]
Summary
Aging is defined as the natural sequence of processes that occurs from birth until death and is characterized by the progressive decline of the body’s physiological capabilities, as it happens over all systems and organs [1]. Adults above the age of 60 present higher rates of morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, as well as a greater need for medical attention than the rest of the population [10] This causes a negative impact on their quality of life by affecting their physical and psychological health, independence, social relations and their capacity to interact with their surroundings [11]. Aging among the world’s population would imply that public health services worldwide need to adapt efficiently in order to prevent, diagnose and treat cardiovascular and metabolic diseases [21] Due to this fact that higher rates of morbidity and need for health services are more commonly observed in this age group than in any other previous stages of life [22], it is important to plan and prescribe adequate exercise for the needs of elderly adults and to minimize their health problems. We present the statistical hypothesis in null and alternative forms, establishing as the acceptance or relative criteria, the level of p < 0.05
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