Abstract
BackgroundType 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is commonly associated with premature loss of muscle function, ankle dorsiflexion and dynamic balance. Those impairments, usually, lead to physical functionality deterioration. High-intensity interval training is an efficient and safety methodology since it prevents hypoglycemia and not requires much time, which are the main barriers for this population to practice exercise and increase physical conditioning. We hypothesized that a 6-week HIIT program performed on a cycle ergometer would increase lower limb muscle power, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and dynamic balance without hypoglycemic situations.MethodsA total of 19 diagnosed T1DM subjects were randomly assigned to HIIT group (n = 11; 6-week HIIT protocol) or Control group (n = 8; no treatment). Lower limb strength was evaluated through velocity execution in squat with three different overloads. Weight bearing lunge test (WBLT) was performed to test ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and Y-Balance test (YBT) was the test conducted to analyze dynamic balance performance.ResultsVelocity in squat improved a 11.3%, 9.4% and 10.1% (p < 0.05) with the 50%, 60% and 70% of their own body mass overload respectively, WBLT performance increased a 10.43% in the right limb and 15.45% in the left limb. YBT showed improvements in all directions (right limb-left limb): Anterior (4.3–6.1%), Posteromedial (1.8–5.2%) and Posterolateral (3.4–4.5%) in HIIT group (p < 0.05), unlike control group that did not experience any significant change in any of the variables (p > 0.05).ConclusionA 6-week HIIT program is safe and effective to improve execution velocity in squat movement, a fundamental skill in daily living activities, as well as ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and dynamic balance to reduce foot ulcers, risk falls and functional impairments. HIIT seems an efficient and safety training methodology not only for overcome T1DM barriers for exercising but also for improving functional capacities in T1DM people.
Highlights
Prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is increasing worldwide (You & Henneberg, 2016)
Given that the ankle adopts a more dorsiflexed position when increase the intensity during cycling (Holliday et al, 2019) and dynamic balance is enhanced with HIIT performed in cycle ergometer in older people (Bellumori, Uygur & Knight, 2017), the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 6-week high-intensity interval training protocol on lower limb strength, ankle dorsiflexion range of motion and dynamic balance in an inactive Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) population
Given that similarity between older and T1DM muscle functionality, the results of those studies are in line with ours, since they observed that HIIT (6 × 30-s bouts at 90% heart rate reserve interspersed with 3-min active recovery) performed every 5 days, for 6 weeks, induces a 8% increase in relative peak power output (PPO) measured with an incremental test in male masters athletes (Herbert et al, 2017)
Summary
Prevalence of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM) is increasing worldwide (You & Henneberg, 2016). T1DM causes the premature loss of lower limb strength (Celes et al, 2017; Monaco, Gingrich & Hawke, 2019), functional capacities such dynamic balance (even in adults
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