Abstract
BackgroundDietary protein and fiber have been shown to independently improve subjective measures of appetite control. ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to determine the acute effects of a high-protein, high-fiber (HP/HFb) beverage taken as a preload compared with an isocaloric lower-protein, lower-fiber (LP/LFb) placebo beverage on subjective appetite ratings and subsequent energy intake at an ad libitum meal in healthy adults. MethodsA total of 50 overweight/obese men and women [n = 25 men, 25 women; age 30 ± 2 y; body mass index (BMI) 29.6 ± 0.3 kg/m2] received a 160 kcal HP/HFb beverage containing 17 g protein and 6 g fiber on one occasion and an isocaloric LP/LFb placebo beverage containing 1 g protein and 3 g fiber on another occasion in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design. Thirty min after consumption of the beverage preload, an ad libitum pizza meal was provided to be consumed over a 30-min period. Visual analog scales (VAS) were used to assess subjective appetite ratings throughout the testing period. The Revised Restraint Scale (RRS) was used to classify participants as restrained or unrestrained eaters. ResultsHP/HFb led to greater reductions in postprandial desire to eat and hunger compared with LP/LFb (both, P < 0.05) but did not significantly affect postprandial fullness or prospective food consumption. Subsequent meal energy intake tended to be lower after HP/HFb compared with LP/LFb (P = 0.09). A subanalysis showed lower energy intake after HP/HFb in older participants (≥25 y) compared with LP/LFb, which was not observed in the younger participants (<25 y). ConclusionsCompared with LP/LFb, a HP/HFb beverage preload reduced hunger, desire to eat, and tended to reduce subsequent food intake. Dietary restraint and age appear to influence subsequent energy intake and should be taken into account when designing nutrition interventions for weight reduction and/or maintenance. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02979717.
Highlights
Overweight and obesity continue to be major public health concerns, with the latest statistics showing over 70% of US adults age 20 and over are overweight, and 37.9% are obese (NHANES 2013–2014) [1]
The study was conducted by an independent laboratory (GI Labs, Toronto, Ontario, Canada) and approved by the Western Institutional Research Board, which meets all the requirements of the US FDA, the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), the Canadian Health Protection Branch (HPB), the Canadian Institute of Health Research (CIHR), and the European Community Guidelines
The overall main effect of beverage showed reduced desire to eat throughout the postprandial period, HP/HFb led to greater reductions compared with LP/LFb (P < 0.05)
Summary
Overweight and obesity continue to be major public health concerns, with the latest statistics showing over 70% of US adults age 20 and over are overweight, and 37.9% are obese (NHANES 2013–2014) [1]. In an effort to combat the obesity epidemic, numerous dietary approaches have been proposed for weight loss and subsequent weight maintenance. One such approach has been the manipulation of macronutrient ratios, increasing the proportion of protein in relation to carbohydrates and/or fat. There is strong support for dietary protein improving acute appetite control, and this effect is greater than that of carbohydrates and/or fats [3, 4]. Fiber has been shown to have similar acute effects on measures of appetite, but these do not necessarily translate into reductions in energy intake [5]. Dietary protein and fiber have been shown to independently improve subjective measures of appetite control
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
