Abstract
AimsThe aim of the study was to determine how the administration of a high-fat diet supplemented with various forms of chromium to rats affects accumulation of this element in the tissues and levels of leptin, ghrelin, insulin, glucagon, serotonin, noradrenaline and histamine, as well as selected mineral elements.MethodsThe experiment was conducted on 56 male Wistar rats, which were divided into 8 experimental groups. The rats received standard diet or high fat diet (HFD) with addition of 0.3 mg/kg body weight of chromium(III) picolinate (Cr-Pic), chromium(III)-methioninate (Cr-Met), or chromium nanoparticles (Cr-NP).ResultsChromium in organic forms was found to be better retained in the body of rats than Cr in nanoparticles form. However, Cr-Pic was the only form that increased the insulin level, which indicates its beneficial effect on carbohydrate metabolism. In blood plasma of rats fed a high-fat diet noted an increased level of serotonin and a reduced level of noradrenaline. The addition of Cr to the diet, irrespective of its form, also increased the serotonin level, which should be considered a beneficial effect. Rats fed a high-fat diet had an unfavourable reduction in the plasma concentrations of Ca, P, Mg and Zn. The reduction of P in the plasma induced by supplementation with Cr in the form of Cr-Pic or Cr-NP may exacerbate the adverse effect of a high-fat diet on the level of this element.ConclusionA high-fat diet was shown to negatively affect the level of hormones regulating carbohydrate metabolism (increasing leptin levels and decreasing levels of ghrelin and insulin).
Highlights
Diet, a diet rich in fats, plays a key role in the development of civilization diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer [1]
Administration of a high-fat diet to rats decreased the levels of insulin (P = 0.017), ghrelin (P = 0.005), noradrenaline (P = 0.032) and histamine (P < 0.001) and increased those of leptin (P = 0.019) and serotonin (P = 0.048) compared to the group receiving a standard diet (Table 3)
Cr % digestibility and Cr % retention were higher in the rats receiving a diet with added chromium(III) picolinate (Cr-Pic) or Cr-Met and lower in rats receiving chromium nanoparticles (Cr-NP) (P < 0.001, all) than in rats receiving a diet without added Cr (Table 2)
Summary
A diet rich in fats, plays a key role in the development of civilization diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer [1]. Studies on animal models fed a high-fat diet (HFD) have shown many adverse metabolic changes, such as hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia and glucose intolerance [2]. Obese animals have been shown to have increased levels of leptin, the hormone encoded by the obesity (ob) gene. Leptin has many functions in the organism, it decreases appetite and increases energy consumption, thereby acting as a long-term regulator of body weight [3, 4]. Ghrelin has the opposite effect on the organism to leptin. This hormone is secreted by the stomach and acts as a meal initiator. OlszaneckaGlinianowicz et al [7], in a study in obese women, noted a reduction in fasting ghrelin secretion, as well as an increase
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