Abstract
Background and purposeChronic alcohol intake associated with an inappropriate diet can cause lesions in multiple organs and tissues and complicate the tissue repair process. In a systematic review, we analyzed the relevance of alcohol and high fat consumption to cutaneous and repair, compared the main methodologies used and the most important parameters tested. Preclinical investigations with murine models were assessed to analyze whether the current evidence support clinical trials.MethodsThe studies were selected from MEDLINE/PubMed and Scopus databases, according to Fig 1. All 15 identified articles had their data extracted. The reporting bias was investigated according to the ARRIVE (Animal Research: Reporting of in Vivo Experiments) strategy.ResultsIn general, animals offered a high-fat diet and alcohol showed decreased cutaneous wound closure, delayed skin contraction, chronic inflammation and incomplete re-epithelialization.ConclusionIn further studies, standardized experimental design is needed to establish comparable study groups and advance the overall knowledge background, facilitating data translatability from animal models to human clinical conditions.
Highlights
Wound healing is a continuous and controlled process that occurs through a complex interaction between cells, extracellular matrix, blood vessels, and growth factors [1,2]
The proliferative phase progresses with an intense proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes; which are involved with the formation of granulation tissue rich in type III collagen, tenascin, laminin, and glycosaminoglycans, and with the progressive re-epithelialization [12–14]
All phases of the wound healing process are dependent of growth factors such as vascular growth factor (VEGF), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), which are important in modulates cell migration, proliferation and angiogenesis [17]
Summary
Wound healing is a continuous and controlled process that occurs through a complex interaction between cells, extracellular matrix, blood vessels, and growth factors [1,2]. Macrophages and neutrophils play important roles in this phase, because are involved with the release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and control of opportunistic infections [9]. These cells release cytokines and chemokine’s, which attract and activated other important cells to the repair process through complex signaling pathways [8–11]. The proliferative phase progresses with an intense proliferation and migration of fibroblasts, endothelial cells, and keratinocytes; which are involved with the formation of granulation tissue rich in type III collagen, tenascin, laminin, and glycosaminoglycans, and with the progressive re-epithelialization [12–14]. Preclinical investigations with murine models were assessed to analyze whether the current evidence support clinical trials
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