Abstract
The skeletal muscle mass varies by race. Dietary habits over generations are a factor that influences the skeletal muscle mass, as well as genetic factors. Therefore, we investigated the effects of diets with different macronutrient contents on exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy in rats. Male 4-week-old Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into three groups: a normal-diet (N), high-protein diet (HP) and high-fat diet (HF) group. The food intake was manipulated to gain comparable body weight across the three groups. All rats were performed a climbing training exercise for 8 weeks. The final body weight and weight of the liver, kidneys and adipose tissues did not significantly differ among the groups. The flexor hullucis lingus was significantly higher in the HF group than in the HP group. The total lipid content in the muscle was significantly higher in the HF group than in the N group, while it did not differ significant between the HF and HP groups. There were no marked differences in the water or protein content in the muscle among the groups. The plasma amino acid concentration was significantly or tended to be lower in the HP group than in the HF or N group, except for the branched-chain amino acid concentration, which tended to be higher after ingesting the HP diet than other diets. These findings suggest that consuming an HP diet is not likely to facilitate exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy, partly due to the plasma amino acid imbalance induced by habitual HP diet consumption.
Highlights
Body composition reportedly varies by race, with Westerners being said to have more skeletal muscle mass than people of Asian descent [1, 2, 3]
The flexor hallucis longus (FHL) weight was significantly higher in the high-fat diet (HF) group than in the high-protein diet (HP) group, and the FHL weight in the N group did not differ significantly from that in the HF and HP groups
We examined the effect of consuming different diets on exercise-induced muscle hypertrophy in rats and found that, after eight weeks of exercise training, the muscle mass was significantly higher in the HF group than in the HP group, whereas the mass in the HP and HF groups did not differ significantly from that in the N group
Summary
Body composition reportedly varies by race, with Westerners being said to have more skeletal muscle mass than people of Asian descent [1, 2, 3]. The Western diet is regarded as being high in protein and fat compared with the Asian diet. The greater skeletal muscle mass in Westerners may be associated with the higher fat ratio in their diet. Few studies have evaluated the effect of a high-fat diet on body protein synthesis. Skeletal muscle protein synthesis has been shown to be higher when post-exercise nutrition was provided soon after exercise compared with later [8, 9, 10]
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