Abstract
BackgroundMetacarpal shaft fractures are a common type of hand fracture. Despite providing strong fixation strength, plate fixation has numerous shortcomings. Concerning internal fixation with Kirschner wires (K-wires), although this approach is frequently used to treat metacarpal shaft fractures, the lack of functional stability may result in fixation failure.ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of figure-of-eight cerclage wire on fixation for transverse metacarpal shaft fractures using two K-wires.Materials and methodsWe used a saw blade to create transverse metacarpal shaft fractures in 14 fourth-generation artificial third metacarpal bones (Sawbones, Vashon, WA, USA), which were assigned to groups undergoing fixation with two K-wires (KP) or with two K-wires and figure-of-eight cerclage wire (KP&F8). All specimens were subjected to material testing, specifically cantilever bending tests. The maximum fracture force and stiffness of the two fixation types were determined on the basis of the force–displacement data. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare between-group differences in maximum fracture force and stiffness.ResultsThe maximum fracture force of the KP group (median ± interquartile range = 97.30 ± 29.70 N) was significantly lower than that of the KP&F8 group (153.2 ± 69.50 N, p < 0.05; Figure 5a), with the median of the KP&F8 group exceeding that of the KP group by 57.5%. Similarly, stiffness was significantly lower in the KP group (18.14 ± 9.84 N/mm) than in the KP&F8 group (38.25 ± 23.49 N/mm; p < 0.05; Figure 5b), with the median of the KP&F8 group exceeding that of the KP group by 110.9%.ConclusionThe incorporation of a figure-of-eight cerclage wire increased the maximum fracture force and stiffness by 57.5 and 110.9%, respectively, compared with those achieved in standard two K-wire fixation. Therefore, hand surgeons are advised to consider the proposed approach to increase fixation strength.
Highlights
Metacarpal fractures account for 36–42% of hand fracture injuries [1]
Materials and methods: We used a saw blade to create transverse metacarpal shaft fractures in 14 fourth-generation artificial third metacarpal bones (Sawbones, Vashon, WA, USA), which were assigned to groups undergoing fixation with two Kirschner wires (K-wires) (KP) or with two K-wires and figure-of-eight cerclage wire (KP&F8)
The maximum fracture force of the KP group was significantly lower than that of the KP&F8 group (153.2 ± 69.50 N, p < 0.05; Figure 5a), with the median of the KP&F8 group exceeding that of the KP group by 57.5%
Summary
Metacarpal fractures account for 36–42% of hand fracture injuries [1]. Metacarpal neck fractures are the most common type of metacarpal fracture [2]. Metacarpal shaft fractures require surgical implantation to provide strong fixation strength and to facilitate bone union [3]. Cast immobilization for transverse metacarpal shaft fractures can eventually result in fracture displacement and treatment failure because of insufficient force for maintaining fracture reduction [6, 7]. Most relevant studies and hand surgeons’ recommendations are surgical reduction and metallic implant fixation for transverse metacarpal shaft fractures to optimize treatment results [4, 6]. Metacarpal shaft fractures are a common type of hand fracture. Concerning internal fixation with Kirschner wires (K-wires), this approach is frequently used to treat metacarpal shaft fractures, the lack of functional stability may result in fixation failure
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