Abstract
Urinary incontinence (UI) is a common problem affecting older adult women globally, but studies regarding combined treatments for all types of UI are still lacking. Here we evaluate the efficacy of a comprehensive rehabilitation program for women with UI. A comprehensive rehabilitation program was introduced that combines pelvic floor muscle (PFM) exercises, functional electrical stimulation, and timely biofeedback during the training process. Data of patients with stress (SUI), urgency (UUI), or mixed (MUI) urinary incontinence who participated in this program between 2016 and 2019 were reviewed retrospectively. Seventy-three subjects (mean age 59.2 ± 12.7 years) were enrolled. After 12 weeks of rehabilitation, vaginal pressure and control accuracy increased in all groups. PFM maximum recruitment increased significantly at week 12 in SUI and UUI, but not in MUI. At week 6, only the SUI group had achieved significant improvements in vaginal pressure, PFM maximum recruitment and control accuracy. The Short-form Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) and Incontinence Impact Questionnaire-7 (IIQ-7) scores declined dramatically after the program started, and significant improvements were maintained to week 48. The comprehensive rehabilitation program is effective and decreases urinary leakage episodes and improves quality of life in women with UI, especially SUI.
Highlights
Urinary incontinence is a common problem among older adult women globally
stress urinary incontinence (SUI) occurs when the abdominal pressure increases without perception of the desire to void; urgency urinary incontinence (UUI) indicates urine leakage occurring before reaching the toilet when there is an urgency to void, which is caused by bladder muscle spasm or overactive bladder, and the underlying mechanisms cannot be identified in most cases; and mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) is a combination of SUI and UUI [4,5]
The aim of this study is to investigate the efficacy of a comprehensive rehabilitation program combining biofeedback therapy with Intravaginal electrical stimulation (IES) and exercise therapy for women with urinary incontinence
Summary
Urinary incontinence is a common problem among older adult women globally. TheInternational Continence Society defines female urinary incontinence as involuntary leakage of urine that is detectable objectively and may cause social or hygienic distress [1].According to data adopted by the 6th International Consultation on Incontinence, urinary incontinence accounts for 4% to 8% of the world’s population and 383 million people were estimated to be affected in 2013 [2]. The. International Continence Society defines female urinary incontinence as involuntary leakage of urine that is detectable objectively and may cause social or hygienic distress [1]. SUI occurs when the abdominal pressure increases (during physical activities such as coughing, sneezing, laughing, running and jumping, heavy-lifting, or going down stairs) without perception of the desire to void; UUI indicates urine leakage occurring before reaching the toilet when there is an urgency to void, which is caused by bladder muscle spasm or overactive bladder, and the underlying mechanisms cannot be identified in most cases; and MUI is a combination of SUI and UUI [4,5]
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