Abstract
This study investigated the effects of a 24-week combined training program (CTP) based on strength exercises and cognitive–motor tasks performed concurrently in participants with multiple sclerosis. A randomized, controlled intervention study was carried out. In total, 31 subjects with a confirmed diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (14 men and 17 women) were stratified and randomized into an intervention group (17 subjects) and a control group (14 subjects). The intervention group completed three weekly training sessions for 24 weeks, while the control group pursued their normal daily activities. In this program, cognitive–motor tasks were completed at once (dual tasking). A 3D photogrammetry connected to a selective attention system designed for dual tasking while walking was used. Ground reaction forces were measured using two force plates, one for sit-to-stand testing, while the other was used for static force measurement. Postural equilibrium was examined using a stabilometric plate based for Romberg test assessment. The 24-week training program for multiple sclerosis patients improved their static peak force by 11% (p < 0 .05), their rate of force development by 36% (p < 0.05), and their balance (p < 0.05). Performance in daily activities such as walking or sitting-to-standing improved significantly in multiple sclerosis participants. CTP training was effective in reducing the dual-task costs of step length (48%) and walking velocity (54%), as compared to a matched control group.
Highlights
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease that causes the demyelization of the nervous fibers of the encephalus and the spinal cord
Clear differences were observed in vertical peak force (PF(Z) ) among the means of the pre-intervention values (Pre), Post- and Repost measurements observed in vertical peak force (PF(Z)) among the means of the Pre, Post- and Repost measurements made in the intervention group (F = 13.97; p < 0.001)
The results obtained demonstrate that MS subjects who engage in a 24-week combined training program (CTP) improve their balance, rate of force development and static strength muscles, as compared to MS controls
Summary
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory neurodegenerative disease that causes the demyelization of the nervous fibers of the encephalus and the spinal cord. This neurological process causes unpredictable alterations in the motor, sensory and cognitive systems, and associated physical and mental comorbidities [1,2,3]. No standard physical exercise programs have been developed, but a range of physical exercise programs have been proposed [17] These programs included vibratory stimulation training, aquatic exercises or yoga [18,19,20].
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