Abstract
Field research was conducted in 2017–2019 on “Princess 77” bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) to determine whether an amino acid based biostimulant program applied in the late season (October-November) and early season (March-April) could extend fall color retention (FCR) or hasten the spring green-up (SGU), respectively. Bermudagrass was treated with the biostimulant under five different managements: non-treated; 6 times at 5 L ha−1 weekly; 3 times at 5 L ha−1 in a 14-day interval; 6 times at 10 L ha−1 weekly; and 3 times at 10 L ha−1 in a 14-day interval. Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and visual ratings (turf green color and percentage of green coverage in the subplot) were determined weekly, and turf clipping dry weight for the SGU studies. At the end of the FCR studies (2017 and 2018), there was no effect of the biostimulant; although, some isolated positive effects were detected during the experiment in 2017 on bermudagrass treated weekly at 10 L ha−1 for NDVI. However, there was a slight positive effect on SGU when this physiological process occurred slowly (year 2018) and the biostimulant was applied weekly at 10 L ha−1 (4.4 kg N ha−1), compared to another performed management and warmer years (2017 and 2019).
Highlights
Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) is probably the most common warm season turfgrass used in tropical, subtropical, and even in the transition zone to temperate climates [1,2,3,4,5]
At the end of the fall color retention (FCR) studies (2017 and 2018), there was no effect of the biostimulant; some isolated positive effects were detected during the experiment in 2017 on bermudagrass treated weekly at 10 L ha−1 for Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)
As an alternative to fall overseeding and painting, the effects of several substances applied on bermudagrass in late summer and fall for green color retention have been reported by several authors [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19] including living organisms, plant growth regulators, or mostly mineral fertilizers
Summary
Bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers.) is probably the most common warm season turfgrass used in tropical, subtropical, and even in the transition zone to temperate climates [1,2,3,4,5]. As an alternative to fall overseeding and painting, the effects of several substances applied on bermudagrass in late summer and fall for green color retention have been reported by several authors [12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19] including living organisms, plant growth regulators, or mostly mineral fertilizers. At the end of September in Mississippi (USA) is reasonable for turf situations where extended bermudagrass color and growth are desired [12], or foliar applied iron (Fe) extended bermudagrass quality late in the growing season and its effect was enhanced when combined with a cover [13]. 77” bermudagrass, applied in fall for color retention and in late winter for green-up
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