Abstract
The present study employed 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) to treat non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell line A549 to investigate the effects on proliferation and expression of the TFPI-2 gene. Proliferation was assessed by MTT assay after A549 cells were treated with 0, 1, 5, 10 μmol/L 5-Aza-CdR, a specific demethylating agent, for 24 ,48 and 72h. At the last time point cells were also analyzed by flow cytometry (FCM) to identify any change in their cell cycle profiles. Methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSPCR), real time polymerase chain reaction(real-time PCR) and western blotting were carried out to determine TFPI-2 gene methylation status, mRNA expression and protein expression. MTT assay showed that the growth of A549 cells which were treated with 5-Aza-CdR was significantly suppressed as compared with the control group (0 μmol/L 5-Aza-CdR). After treatment with 0, 1, 5, 10 μmol/L 5-Aza-CdR for 72h, FCM showed their proportion in G0/G1 was 69.7±0.99%, 76.1±0.83%, 83.8±0.35%, 95.5±0.55% respectively (P<0.05), and the proportion in S was 29.8±0.43%, 23.7±0.96%, 15.7±0.75%, 1.73±0.45%, respectively (P<0.05), suggesting 5-Aza-CdR treatment induced G0/G1 phase arrest. MSPCR showed that hypermethylation in the promoter region of TFPI-2 gene was detected in control group (0 μmol/L 5-Aza-CdR), and demethylation appeared after treatment with 1, 5, 10 μmol/L 5-Aza-CdR for 72h. Real-time PCR showed that the expression levels of TFPI-2 gene mRNA were 1±0, 1.49±0.14, 1.86±0.09 and 5.80±0.15 (P<0.05) respectively. Western blotting analysis showed the relative expression levels of TFPI-2 protein were 0.12±0.01, 0.23±0.02, 0.31±0.02, 0.62±0.03 (P<0.05). TFPI-2 protein expression in A549 cells was gradually increased significantly with increase in the 5-Aza-CdR concentration. TFPI-2 gene promoter methylation results in the loss of TFPI-2 mRNA and protein expression in the non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549, and 5-Aza-CdR treatment could induce the demethylation of TFPI-2 gene promoter and restore TFPI-2 gene expression. These findings provide theoretic evidence for clinical treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with the demethylation agent 5-Aza-CdR. TFPI-2 may be one molecular marker for effective treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer with 5-Aza-CdR.
Highlights
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, More than 80% of lung cancers are non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) (Jemal et al, 2009)
When A549 cells were treated with 10 μmol/L 5-Aza-CdR for 24h,48h,72h, the inhibition rate of growth of A549 Cells was 15.7±0.7%, 17.1±0.7%, 21.4±0.8% respectively (P
The results suggest that 5-Aza-CdR inhibited proliferation of A549 cells with increasing 5-Aza-CdR concentration
Summary
Lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide, More than 80% of lung cancers are NSCLC (Jemal et al, 2009). Despite the intensive research carried out on this field and therapeutic advances, the overall prognosis of these patients remains unsatisfactory, with a 5-year overall survival rate of less than 15% (Sculier et al, 2008; Carvalho et al, 2009). In stage I to III NSCLC, the occurrence of extrathoracic metastasis leads to a poor 5-year survival rate of 50% (Friedel et al, 2004). Surgery is the best curative therapeutic approach in the early stages. Even in these patients, the mean 5-year overall survival rate is less than 70%. The scarcity of effective tools for early detection and therapy strategies is the reason of the poor 5-year overall survival rate. Developing molecular markers for early detection, predicting prognosis, and exploiting new therapy agents of lung cancer are urgently needed
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