Abstract
ABSTRACT Soil management and crop rotation are key factors in controlling the accumulation of C and N in the soil profile, but their long-term effect remains poorly understood for deep soil layers, especially in subtropical conditions. Using a long-term experiment (26-years), this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different soil management systems associated with different winter cover crops on C and N accumulation in a very clayey (72 % clay) soil up to 1 m deep. Two tillage systems [...]
Highlights
The key role of soils on the carbon (C) budget has been recognized and demonstrated by numerous studies (Li et al, 2020; Xiao et al, 2020)
The large amount of organic residue added to the soil surface by native forest and its undisturbed soil condition led to higher C and N contents compared to cultivated soil (NT and conventional tillage (CT)) (Figure 2)
C and N stocks up to 0.20 m depth were higher in NT compared to CT (Tables 3 and 4)
Summary
The key role of soils on the carbon (C) budget has been recognized and demonstrated by numerous studies (Li et al, 2020; Xiao et al, 2020). The intensification of agriculture, with land-use change from natural ecosystems (forests, grasslands, meadows) to cultivated areas induced large depletion of soil organic matter (SOM) content due to excessive tillage, that decreased aggregate stability and enhanced soil erosion from plowed soils, and favored organic matter decomposition (Paustian et al, 2016; Lal, 2018). Cultivation with conventional tillage with plowing or with no-tillage with reduced residue inputs to the soil accelerates the decrease of SOM content (Huang et al, 2020). This is especially the case in central and south Brazil where large areas of natural vegetation were converted to cultivation of grain crops, such as soybean, corn, and wheat. Increasing soil organic C content in tropical or subtropical soil is a sustainable way to recover soil quality and fertility while decreasing atmospheric CO2
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