Abstract
In the present paper, the effect of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) inclusion complexation on the solubility and enzymatic hydrolysis of naringin was investigated. The inclusion complex of naringin/β-CD at the molar ratio of 1:1 was obtained by the dropping method and was characterized by differential scanning calorimetry. The solubility of naringin complexes in water at 37 ± 0.1 °C was 15 times greater than that of free naringin. Snailase-involved hydrolysis conditions were tested for the bioconversion of naringin into naringenin using the univariate experimental design. Naringin can be transformed into naringenin by snailase-involved hydrolysis. The optimum conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis were determined as follows: pH 5.0, temperature 37 °C, ratio of snailase/substrate 0.8, substrate concentration 20 mg·mL−1, and reaction time 12 h. Under the optimum conditions, the transforming rate of naringenin from naringin for inclusion complexes and free naringin was 98.7% and 56.2% respectively, suggesting that β-CD complexation can improve the aqueous solubility and consequently the enzymatic hydrolysis rate of naringin.
Highlights
Naringenin (4',5,7-trihydroxy-flavanone-7-rhamnoglucoside-glucopyranoside) is one of the phenolic flavonoids present in citrus fruits and grapefruit
The result confirmed that pressure has a positive impact on naringin hydrolysis by immobilized naringinase in Ca-alginate beads with a negative activation volume of −9 mL·mol−1
These Differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) results confirmed that naringin was no longer present as a crystalline material and its β-CD solid complexes existed in the amorphous state because a β-CD molecule encapsulated each naringin molecule21
Summary
Naringenin (4',5,7-trihydroxy-flavanone-7-rhamnoglucoside-glucopyranoside) is one of the phenolic flavonoids present in citrus fruits and grapefruit. Intervention with naringenin offers important biological/pharmacological antiatherogenic, hepatoprotective, nephroprotective, antiulcer, antioxidant, antiinflammatory, antimutagenic, vasodilator, antithrombotic, and anticancer activities. These restrain the hyperplasia of breast cancer and delay mammary tumorigenesis [1,2,3,4]. The pressure had a positive effect with a value of −15.0 ± 1.8 cm3·mol−1 for the activation volume. Helder and Pedro et al [8] studied the effect of pressure in an enzymatic reaction with an immobilized biocatalyst. The result confirmed that pressure has a positive impact on naringin hydrolysis by immobilized naringinase in Ca-alginate beads with a negative activation volume of −9 mL·mol−1
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