Abstract
The microstructure and texture distribution of a Ti-1023 forged disk were investigated by scanning electron microscopy and synchrotron-based high-energy X-ray diffraction. The finite element method was used to simulate temperature and strain distribution in order to investigate the relationship of the α/β forging process with microstructure and texture distribution. A bimodal microstructure and rolling textures with large inhomogeneity were observed in the disk. A plate-like and a necklace-like morphology and volume fraction variations of the primary α phase were observed in different regions with different forging conditions, such as temperature, deformation, position, and high density of flow lines. Texture sharpness distribution of the β phase was in good agreement with the strain distribution, which suggests deformation may play the most important part in the texture inhomogeneity. A weak cube texture was obtained near the center of the disk, and fiber textures were found near the rim of the disk. The primary α phase also exhibited a transverse texture, which is favored by large deformation.
Highlights
Near-β titanium alloys are suitable for aerospace applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance[1,2]
The primary α phase exhibits an equiaxed morphology with an average diameter of ~2 μm, while the secondary α phase shows a lamellae morphology with a length of ~1 μm, as shown in Figure 2 (f); the former was formed during the forging process, while the latter was a direct product of post-forging heat treatment
It is necessary to assess the differences in the morphology, grain size and volume fraction of the primary α phase among samples to further analyze the effects of the α/β forging process on microstructure evolution
Summary
Near-β titanium alloys are suitable for aerospace applications due to their high strength-to-weight ratio and excellent corrosion resistance[1,2]. It is still a great challenge to manufacture near-β titanium components for aerospace applications, which usually have complex shapes. Β forging is designed for ingot breakdown and formation of coarse α plates, while the subsequent α/β forging aims to achieve the final shape of components with desired microstructure. During this α/β forging process, coarse α plates are broken up into individual equiaxed particles[9]. The microstructure evolution of near-β titanium alloys is very sensitive to the α/β forging processing parameters[10]. Texture evolution during the α/β forging process is less frequently reported
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