Effect Local Direction on Balinese Traditional Settlement Layout, Case Study: Pengotan Traditional Village in Bali, Indonesia

I Kadek Merta Wijaya

doi:10.13189/cea.2020.080622

Abstract

The pattern of Pengotan Village is extended from the kaja (sacred) to the kelod (profane), which consists of three zones, namely the Utama (zone of sacred) as the space intended for shrines (temple), Madya (transition/between space) as the space for residential housing units, and the Nista zone (zone of profane) intended for the graveyard (setra). This pattern is repeated in clusters of residential housing units. The aim of this study is spatial analysis of luan (sacred) and teben (profane) orientations in Indigenous Village Pengotan through an approach: (1) history of the Traditional Village Pengotan, (2) conception of the mountain as a sacred direction, (3) conception luan (holy) and teben (profane) on settlements in the mountainous area, (4) general concepts of religious and secular space and (5) conception of signifier and signified spaces in architecture. The method used is naturalistic interpretive in studying the area in a conceptual (intangible) and concreate (tangible) context through empirical studies on sensual (observation), native's viewpoint, logic viewpoint (researcher's perspective), and intangible aspects. The results of this study are (1) spatial patterns based on luan (sacred) and teben (profane) conception; (2) the signifier and signified system in the space of on luan (holy) and teben (profane) orientation and (3) the relationship between Mount Batur and Mount Abang as luan (sacred) orientation in the Pengotan Village.

Highlights

The luan concept in the spatial of sacred and profane orientation is called Kaja and Kangin
Kaja is identified with the mountain's direction, and Kangin is the direction of the rising sun
The profane concept describes the opposite of Kaja, and Kangin is the direction of Kelod, which is identified with a commonplace or land and Kauh direction in the form of the sun sinking

Summary

Introduction

The luan (sacred) concept in the spatial of sacred and profane orientation is called Kaja (north) and Kangin (east). To honor the ancestors and the gods who are believed to provide safety and well-being, the layout of highland settlements is oriented towards the mountain (Kaja / high place). The profane concept describes the opposite of Kaja (the direction of a hill of sacred value), and Kangin (sunrise direction of holy value) is the direction of Kelod (movement of the sea of offensive matter), which is identified with a commonplace or land and Kauh (direction of the sunset of profane value) direction in the form of the sun sinking. The concept of luan (sacred) and teben (profane) in Bali's residential spatial planning is generally in mountainous settlements called Bali Aga settlements. Bali Aga is a term used to refer to ancient Balinese settlements with the afterward settlements; Bali Aga is in a mountainous or highland area [5] [6] [7] [8]

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