Abstract
The article presents regional differences in technical, economic and environmental efficiency of production of winter wheat, winter rye, spring barley, winter rape and sugar beet. The study used data collected in the AGROKOSZTY system and Polish FADN. Four-year averages were analysed to illustrate the changes in the results of the surveyed activities. The measure of technical efficiency was the productivity of factors of production (labour, land and capital), economic efficiency – profitability index, which expresses the ratio of production to economic costs. Whereas the environmental efficiency is described by indicators showing the cost and level of inputs adversely affecting the environment, i.e. mineral fertilisers (NPK) and plant protection products. The results show significant regional differences. The technical efficiency of factors of production on farms located in the regions: Wielkopolska and Śląsk, Pomorze and Mazury was higher than in Mazowsze and Podlasie and in the region of Malopolska and Pogorze. Land productivity showed the lowest level of variation in the regions. Economic production efficiency ranged from 97.1% to 147.5%. Profitability index at the level of 97.1% was guaranteed by rye in the region of Malopolska and Pogorze, whose height means that the economic costs were not fully covered. For full coverage of the economic costs it would be necessary to increase the yield or price of rye grain by 4.5%. Regional differences in the applied dose of NPK fertilisers in the cultivation of rye were 1.4 times, and in the case of other crops – 1.1 times. While the cost of plant protection products varied more regionally. Differentiation of 1.1 times was observed only for sugar beet, in the case of wheat and barley it amounted to 1.2 times, winter rape – 1.3 times, and rye – 2.3 times. In the region of Pomorze and Mazury, and Wielkopolska and Śląsk the cost of plant protection products and NPK fertilisers per 1 ha of surveyed activities was mostly higher than in Mazowsze and Podlasie, and Malopolska and Pogorze.
Highlights
Plant production is crucial for human existence
Apart from economic production efficiency, environmental efficiency largely becomes the determinant of competitiveness in a long-term perspective
This phenomenon is even strengthened taking into account the fact that technological and organisational modifications in the production processes taking
Summary
Plant production is crucial for human existence. It is necessary to make food of plant and animal origin. Economic and environmental efficiency of production of selected plant products 119 place on farms strongly affect its changes. In 2013, the annual average sales of plant protection products in the EU-28 per 1 ha of utilised agricultural area (UAA) was 2.0 kg of active substance (a.s.). In this respect Poland and Finland were ranked twelfth (1.5 kg of a.s.). The research, whose results are presented in the paper, aimed at assessment of the regional differentiation of the technical, economic and environmental efficiency of production of selected species of cereals, rape and sugar beet in Poland. Horizontal analysis was used; it compares the parameters characterising the surveyed activities on farms
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