Abstract
In order to meet the increasing requirements introduced by European Union directives and guidelines for the automotive industry, in the area of increasing safety while constantly reducing carbon dioxide emission limits, companies in the automotive industry implement new materials and new technologies for production. Currently, two trends are propagated in the way of manufacturing car body elements: the cold forming process of steel with a tensile strength Rm up to 1600 MPa and the hot forming process of steel with a strength Rm of up to 1800÷2000 MPa. The largest European manufacturers of car parts must meet the design and manufacture of hot forming tools. It is one of the most modern pressing technologies implemented for several years in innovative plants located both in Europe and the USA. Designing and testing of this type of tools are carried out by companies with advanced technological production capabilities. The use of this type of technology increases the level of product innovation, due to the know-how of companies for such complex tools, despite the fact that the costs of tools significantly exceed the costs of standard dies. The competition on the European market in the production of parts in hot forming process is not so large at the moment.
Highlights
Cold forming technology involves pressing steel at a temperature below the recrystallization temperature
The use of high-strength steel increases the intensity of the springback effect
Maintaining small tolerances for elements made of HSS or advanced high strength steel (AHSS) is difficult, especially when the material has a tendency to elastic deformation during cutting or unloading after forming
Summary
Cold forming technology involves pressing steel at a temperature below the recrystallization temperature. To ensure adequate load bearing capacity of key car structural elements exposed to high loads (e.g. bumper beams), they are made of materials of adequate strength, such as HCT780X steel with a strength limit Rm above 780 MPa Technological problems when cold stamping of heavily loaded automotive elements The subject of the research was a bumper beam formed in the cold process by means of a rigid stamp and rigid matrix without downforce, the so-called crashforming method
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