Efeitos do exercício físico e da orientação nutricional no perfil de risco cardiovascular de crianças obesas

Abstract

ObjectiveTo analyze the effects of a supervised physical exercise and nutritional guidance program, conducted with a playful basis, on the cardiovascular risk profile of obese children. MethodsForty-four children aged between 8 and 11 years, divided into two groups, were paired by gender and age: intervention group (n=22) and control group (n=22). The following parameters were measured before and after the intervention: body mass, height, waist circumference, total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, fasting glucose, high-sensitive C-reactive protein, blood pressure, and carotid intima-media thickness. Both groups continued their traditional medical treatment. The case group exercised with recreational activities three times a week during 12 weeks, and participated in a weekly nutritional guidance session. The control group did not participate in the intervention described. Descriptive statistics, paired and unpaired Student's t-test, Mann-Whitney's U test, and the Wilcoxon test were used, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results32 children concluded the study (16 in each group). At the end of the study, the case group showed a significant reduction in the body mass index (BMI) (p=0.001), total cholesterol (p=0.001), LDL cholesterol (p=0.001), diastolic blood pressure (p=0.010), and average (p=0.003) and maximum (p=0.002) carotid intima-media thickness. The control group showed a significant increase in waist circumference (p=0.001), blood glucose (p=0.025), C-reactive protein (p=0.016), a reduction of HDL cholesterol (p=0.012) and total cholesterol (p=0.042), and an increase in the average (p=0.012) and maximum (p=0.024) carotid intima-media thickness. ConclusionThe program proved effective in the reduction of obesity indicators and of the intima-media thickness, a direct and early signal of atherosclerosis.