Efeitos de quatro modelos de treinamento experimental de natação sobre biomarcadores de adaptação e capacidades aeróbia e anaeróbia em ratos wistar

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine in rats the effects of 4 training models (endurance monotonous training, anaerobic intermittent training, linear periodization training and block periodization training) on anaerobic and aerobic performance, creatine kinase, muscle and liver glycogen, antioxidants and hormones. The rats (60 days old) were separated in: sedentary, endurance monotonous training, anaerobic intermittent training, linear periodization training and block periodization training groups. The aerobic and anaerobic performance was evaluated by lactate minimum test. The exercise groups were submitted to 6 day/wk, 12 wk. The endurance monotonous training was constant and equivalent to 100%, 90% and 80% of aerobic capacity determined by minimum lactate test. The anaerobic intermittent training had 4 sets x 10 jumps with a load corresponding to 50% of the body weight (bw). The linear periodized training was divided into Basic (6 weeks), specific (4.5 weeks) and taper (1.5 weeks), with intensities (% bw) ranging between 80 and 240 % of individual anaerobic threshold. The block training was divided into three periods lasting from 6 weeks (Block 1), 4.5 weeks (Block 2) and 1.5 weeks (Block 3) and in each block contained the basic periods, specific and taper with intensities (% bw) ranging between 80 and 240% of individual anaerobic threshold. The results in all tests were expressed as mean ± standard error and had the statistical procedure tests: Three Way ANOVA, with significance levels prefixed at P <0.05. The anaerobic performance improved after linear periodization training while aerobic capacity increased after anaerobic intermittent training. The endurance monotonous training did not affect aerobic performance, but reduced the anaerobic performance after 12 weeks. The aerobic and anaerobic decadence in the sedentary group was attenuated with linear periodization training and anaerobic intermittent training. The main changes in biomarkers occurred in hepatic and soleus glycogen after the period of high volume. Furthermore, the concentrations of creatinine, urea, uric acid, superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase did not show significant alterations over the period of training.