Efeitos da composição corporal na capacidade aeróbia de animais submetidos ao exercício de natação

Robson Chacon Castoldi,Marcelo Papoti,José Carlos Carmargo Filho,Guilherme Akio Tamura Ozaki,Leandro Fernandes Coladello,Regina Celi Trindade Camargo Filho,Tatiana Emy Koike,Alan José Barbosa Magalhães

doi:10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n2p136

Abstract

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-0037.2016v18n2p136 The aim of this study was to verify the influence of body composition on the CAER of animals submitted to different types of physical training. Twenty-three Wistar rats were divided into groups according to the training protocol: control (CTLE); aerobic training (TAE); anaerobic training (TAN); and concurrent physical training (TCc). The critical load test (CC) was carried out for determining the anaerobic threshold at the beginning and end of the training period. TAE was composed of swimming exercise with intensity corresponding to 70% of the anaerobic threshold; TAN was composed of water jumps with overload of 50% of the body weight of each animal; and TCc was composed of a combination of aerobic and anaerobic protocols described above. After four weeks of training, the weight of epididymal adipose tissue and soleus, plantar and gastrocnemius muscles was collected and measured. Dispersion analysis was used to draw graphics and analysis of the simple linear regression model was performed to identify the influence of each variable on CAER. Body Fat demonstrated positive influence of 5% on the relationship with the Anaerobic Threshold. Soleus and gastrocnemius muscles showed negative influence of 13.1% and 37.0%, respectively. The plantaris muscle showed no influence on the Anaerobic Threshold. Body composition influenced the CAER of the animals analyzed. Moreover, it was verified that body fat favored floatability, while higher muscle mass impaired it.

Highlights

The evaluation of the aerobic capacity (CAER) through the maximum steady state blood lactate test (MFEL) is considered the gold standard[1]
In order to minimize costs and test interference in the training period, Chimin et al.[2], have developed a test based on MFEL to estimate CAER called critical workload (CCT)
When exercise was conducted in the aquatic environment, CAER can be influenced by muscle density and / or body fat accumulation[3,4]

Summary

Introduction

The evaluation of the aerobic capacity (CAER) through the maximum steady state blood lactate test (MFEL) is considered the gold standard[1]. When exercise was conducted in the aquatic environment, CAER can be influenced by muscle density and / or body fat accumulation[3,4]. Studies by Voltarelli et al.[3] corroborate the influence of body composition on physical performance. By analyzing individual CAER in swimming obese female rats, they found that presumably for the same relative exercise intensity, obese animals performed less effort compared to the control group. For determining MFEL in normal and obese rats of both sexes, Araujo et al.[4] identified MFEL value at 6% of body weight in both obese groups, while in the female control group, this value was around 5% by weight body. It is suggested that the variation in body composition by increasing body fat may facilitate the floatability capacity of obese rats during swimming exercise

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