Efeito volátil de óleos essenciais no desenvolvimento de patógenos em amêndoas de Castanhas-do-Brasil

Abstract

Due thea system of extractive harvest of almonds of Brazil nuts is necessary care in the phytosanitary area to maintain postharvest quality of the product. Therefore, we assessed the effect of volatile essential oils of clove (Syzygium aromaticum), cinnamon (Cinnamomum cassia), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and eucalyptus (Corymbia citriodora) in the development of fungi in almond of Brazil nuts, collected in Itauba, MT State, Brazil. The design was completely randomized factorial with five treatments in five replicates. We used 100 µL of oils, added on a filter paper on a slide glass in the center of Petri dishes with five almonds around. The plates were sealed and kept at 25 ± 2 °C/dark. Two evaluations (five and ten days after incubation) of incidence and severity of fungi were performed. It was observed incidence of Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Rhizopus sp. and Penicillium sp. Eucalyptus oil was effective in the inhibition of Penicillium sp. while clove oil showed greater inhibition of Rhizopus sp.; and cinnamon inhibited A. niger and A. flavus, Rhizopus sp. and Penicillium sp. The essential oil of rosemary stimulated the development of all fungi. The severity of fungi in nuts treated with cinnamon oil was 9.5%, whereas in the treatment with clove, eucalyptus and rosemary oils the severity were 22.52%, 24.72% and 38.2%, respectively. We conclude that the essential oils of cinnamon, clove and eucalyptus have volatile compounds that inhibit the growth of some fungi in almond of Brazil nuts, and cinnamon oil was more efficient.