Abstract
Grape pomace is an agro-industrial by-product from the production of must (grape juice) by pressing whole grapes. In order to evaluate the seeds and skins of the grape pomace, it must first be dried and then separated in a screen machine. The drying of pomace is an important and necessary process for the optimum separation of seeds. The main purpose of this study was to determine the optimum drying process for obtaining high-quality grape seed oil. In this research, open air and solar energy drying methods were compared in terms of water activity, total bacterial and mold-yeast count, along with the chemical and fatty acid compositions of pressed grape residues. Oleic acid and linoleic acid contents ranged from 16.56-16.96% and 71.45-71.96%, respectively. Antioxidant activities ranged from 2.33-2.80 μmol trolox/g. The results showed that the drying methods did not decrease the nutritional quality of grape residues and prevented microbial growth by decreasing water activity to below 0.60.
Highlights
The grape is one of the most commonly consumed fruits in the world
The aim of this research was to dry grape pomace using two different methods, namely open air drying as a traditional and energy free method and solar drying with a collector system
Open air and solar collector system drying methods were applied for the drying of grape pomace waste
Summary
The grape is one of the most commonly consumed fruits in the world. Turkey is in one of the most prominent countries worldwide in terms of the richness of plant species in its natural flora. The total vineyard area in Turkey is 416.900 ha and its total grape production is 4.200.000 tons. 52% of the total grape production is used for table consumption, 38.4% is for drying and 11.6% is used to make grape juice and wine (Tuık, 2017). One of the production wastes in the agricultural sector which is not sufficiently evaluated is grape pomace. Grape pomace is the solid waste product remaining after pressing the fruit in the production of grape juice, molasses, wine, etc. A large part of grape pomace has not been evaluated and this causes environmental pollution
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