Abstract
Dental biomaterials are designed to restore form and function of the dental tissue, to protect the remaining tissue and to create a bond between the dental surface and the restorative material. Due to their proximity to dental structures and oral mucosa, dental biomaterials must fulfil the requirements of biocompatibility and biological durability. The research in the field is focused on achieving these requirements by developing new highly performant biomaterials. But at present, composite materials still present some drawbacks like the polymerisation shrinkage associated to the curing process that leads to the adhesive interface breakdown and marginal microleakage. Composite materials may release substances into the oral environment during setting and later as a result of material degradation. Different side effects of composite materials and their components have been reported i.e. cytotoxic, teratogenic, carcinogenic, mutagenic or genotoxic. Despite the developments in the field, at present no „ideal“ restorative biomaterial with similar characteristics with the natural teeth and completely biocompatible is available. However, the application of strict clinical protocols may improve the above mentioned shortcomings.
Highlights
Dental biomaterials are designed to restore form and function of the dental tissue, to protect the remaining tissue and to create a bond between the dental surface and the restorative material
(1) Contactul direct al biomaterialului cu ţesuturile organismului determină interacţiuni între material şi mediul biologic care ţin de biocompatibilitatea biomaterialului
Modificarea dinamicii reacţiei de polimerizare este un alt mecanism prin care la ora actuală se caută să se compenseze stresul contracţiei de polimerizarare a compozitelor, prin creşterea fluidităţii materialului, asigurându-se astfel o mai bună adaptare la nivelul interfeţei
Summary
Dental biomaterials are designed to restore form and function of the dental tissue, to protect the remaining tissue and to create a bond between the dental surface and the restorative material. Răşinile compozite sunt importante biomateriale de restaurare, care au o compoziţie de bază caracteristică, şi anume o matrice organică şi o umplutură anorganică (filler), legate cu ajutorul unui agent de cuplare (silan) şi o serie de alte substanţe chimice cu rol în producerea şi modularea reacţiei de polimerizare (iniţiatori, activatori, stabilizatori, alţi aditivi).
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