Abstract

Raman and EELS are able to discriminate vibrations due to non-bond interaction at terahertz frequencies. Transition of vibration frequencies at the 101 meV indicates the conversion of dipole formation due to O1−, O2−, and the weakened interaction by H-bond-like formation. The events of O−1 formation, O−2 sp-hybrid bonding, non-bonding lone pair, antibonding dipole, and the H-like bonding are essential in the electronic process of oxidation, and in the reactions involving other electronegative additives as well.

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