EEG Emotion Recognition Using an Attention Mechanism Based on an Optimized Hybrid Model

Abstract

Emotions serve various functions. The traditional emotion recognition methods are based primarily on readily accessible facial expressions, gestures, and voice signals. However, it is often challenging to ensure that these non-physical signals are valid and reliable in practical applications. Electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are more successful than other signal recognition methods in recognizing these characteristics in real-time since they are difficult to camouflage. Although EEG signals are commonly used in current emotional recognition research, the accuracy is low when using traditional methods. Therefore, this study presented an optimized hybrid pattern with an attention mechanism (FFT_CLA) for EEG emotional recognition. First, the EEG signal was processed via the fast fourier transform (FFT), after which the convolutional neural network (CNN), long short-term memory (LSTM), and CNN-LSTM-attention (CLA) methods were used to extract and classify the EEG features. Finally, the experiments compared and analyzed the recognition results obtained via three DEAP dataset models, namely FFT_CNN, FFT_LSTM, and FFT_CLA. The final experimental results indicated that the recognition rates of the FFT_CNN, FFT_LSTM, and FFT_CLA models within the DEAP dataset were 87.39%, 88.30%, and 92.38%, respectively. The FFT_CLA model improved the accuracy of EEG emotion recognition and used the attention mechanism to address the often-ignored importance of different channels and samples when extracting EEG features.