EEG effects of a single low dose of ethanol on afternoon sleep in the nonalcohol-dependent adult

Abstract

Three polygraphic recordings (PGR) of afternoon sleep (ANS) related to the duration of one sleep cycle, i.e., 90 min, were performed in 14 healthy adult volunteers (7 men and 7 women): two reference PGR, on two consecutive days (before ingestion of alcohol). Only the second being retained: reference PGR=P 1; another recording, on day 3, 50 min after the start of single slow oral ingestion of the equivalent of 0.25 g 95% ethyl alcohol (ETOH) per kg body weight. Alcohol was ingested as 40° whiskey, and the volume administered ranged from 34.5 to 66 ml (ETOH polygraphic recording= P 2). Analysis of polygraphic traces was carried out according to the criteria of Rechtschaffen and Kales, and results were presented using the parameters adopted by Gross et al. (2). A single low dose of alcohol, leading to a low mean blood alcohol level (below 30 mg/100 ml, range 9 to 29 mg/100 ml), clearly perturbs sleep in the normal nonalcohol-dependent adult. In this context, ETOH does not appear to be a hypnotic since: a) the latencies to onset of sleep and the appearance of stages II, III, and IV of slow-wave sleep (SWS) are not shortened; b) the total duration of sleep, the percentage of delta sleep, and the duration (and percentage) of rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) are decreased; c) the number, duration, and percentages of intrasleep awakenings are increased, as are the number of stage changes. In addition, the study of afternoon sleep has shown itself to be a sensitive and reliable test for the analysis of the effects of a low dose of alcohol on nonalcohol-dependent subjects.