Abstract
People with severe neurological impairments face many challenges in sensorimotor functions and communication with the environment; therefore they have increased demand for advanced, adaptive and personalized rehabilitation. During the last several decades, numerous studies have developed brain–computer interfaces (BCIs) with the goals ranging from providing means of communication to functional rehabilitation. Here we review the research on non-invasive, electroencephalography (EEG)-based BCI systems for communication and rehabilitation. We focus on the approaches intended to help severely paralyzed and locked-in patients regain communication using three different BCI modalities: slow cortical potentials, sensorimotor rhythms and P300 potentials, as operational mechanisms. We also review BCI systems for restoration of motor function in patients with spinal cord injury and chronic stroke. We discuss the advantages and limitations of these approaches and the challenges that need to be addressed in the future.
Highlights
Vidal (1973, p. 157), in his seminal work, raised the question: “Can observable electrical brain signals be put to work as carriers of information in person–computer communication or for the purpose of controlling devices such as prostheses?”
Several advancements in the fields of clinical neurophysiology and computational neuroscience have led to the development of promising approaches based on non-invasive brain–computer interface (BCI) that pave the way for reliable communication and effective rehabilitation of people with disabilities
We review EEG-based BCI technologies for communication and control based on three different EEG signals (SCP, Sensorimotor Rhythm (SMR) and P300), and discuss their limitations and advantages
Summary
Vidal (1973, p. 157), in his seminal work, raised the question: “Can observable electrical brain signals be put to work as carriers of information in person–computer communication or for the purpose of controlling devices such as prostheses?”. We have come a long way investigating whether people with motor disabilities can repurpose brain activity from inner neural signals to tangible controls that attribute the user’s intent to interact with devices or adjust their. Non-invasive EEG-BCI for Motor-Impaired People environment (Shih et al, 2012; Lebedev and Nicolelis, 2017). Several advancements in the fields of clinical neurophysiology and computational neuroscience have led to the development of promising approaches based on non-invasive BCIs that pave the way for reliable communication and effective rehabilitation of people with disabilities. We focus on non-invasive BCI applications geared toward alternative communication and restoration of movement to paralyzed patients. We consider several milestone studies on EEG-based BCIs that contributed to the systems that improve everyday life and activity of people with motor disabilities in the 21st century.
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