Abstract
Educational sociology is the study of the social factors that influence and are influenced by all educational structures and processes, both within and between societies. As a distinct subarea within the two disciplines of sociology and education, educational sociology is also known as the sociology of education or the social foundations of education. After identifying the distinct characteristics of a sociological perspective in the study of education, this article briefly discusses its historical background, some important theoretical perspectives, and its recent development in some countries. The article then reviews some major themes in current educational sociology, namely micro/macro perspectives, critical theory, critical pedagogy and postmodernism, equality and excellence, gender and education, cultural diversity and multicultural education, and alienation in schools. The article concludes with a discussion of the relevance of educational sociology for the formation of educational policy and planning.
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