Educational Perspectives

Abstract

The apprentice model, which has been used to educate physicians since the era of Hippocrates, has survived the test of time and become established as an effective methodology. Simulation-based training represents an evolution of this teaching paradigm in which the needs of adult learners are met more effectively. This type of training holds the potential to increase competency as well as promote and, more importantly, improve patient safety. Simulation involves immersion of the trainee in a realistic situation (the scenario) and the creation of a physical space designed to replicate real life (the simulator) that is sufficiently realistic to achieve suspension of disbelief on the part of the trainee. (1) The compelling effectiveness of simulation lies in the application of educational theory. According to educational research, the most significant learning experiences occur in authentic activity, during immersion in realistic settings, via hands-on training. (2) Malcolm Knowles pioneered the field of adult learning, acknowledging that “adults are self-directed, independent, and internally motivated to learn … they seek immediate application of newly acquired knowledge … they need to connect learning to their knowledge base … they are goal and relevancy oriented.” (3) Three hypotheses must be embraced to comprehend the true value of simulated teaching. The first is that learning is facilitated through experience. (4) The current paradigm of see one, do one, teach one does not afford the learner opportunities to practice or gain experience without risk to patients. …