Abstract
The aim of this article is to explore the attainment of Eastern European children in primary schools in England. The research draws on detailed National Pupil Database and school census data for 586,181 pupils who completed Key Stage 2 in England in 2016. Two methodological approaches were used to analyse the data. First, the performance of all pupils was analysed by ethnic and language background to illustrate patterns of attainment for each group. Second, attainment data were further analysed by social background factors to explore the main factors influencing performance in schools and the reasons for underachievement. The main findings from the study confirm that a number of Eastern European pupils have low attainment, and their performance in English schools has been masked by government statistics that fail to distinguish between 'White Other' ethnic groups. The empirical data suggest that speakers of Czech, Slovak, Hungarian, Polish, Romanian, Latvian, Lithuanian and Bulgarian are particularly underachieving, and that the difference between their educational performance and others is larger than for any other main groups. There is also a wide variation in performance between regions in England, with large attainment gaps between Eastern European and White British children. Some of the main reasons for underachievement identified from the study are the lack of fluency in English, economic deprivation, a disrupted or non-existent prior education and parental lack of understanding of the British education system. Overall, this research confirms that the underachievement of Eastern European children remains a cause for concern and is obviously an issue that policymakers and schools need to address. Implications for policy and practice are discussed in the final section.
Highlights
What does previous research tell us?English schools have been educating immigrant children for decades
Key Stage 2 (KS2) and GCSE data analysis of White Other ethnic group achievement by languages in one inner London local authority suggests that, within the White Other ethnic category, there is a large variation in performance depending on the language that is spoken (Demie, 2015)
The findings of the analysis of 586,181 pupils’ KS2 results by language spoken at home suggest that, overall, pupils who speak an Eastern European language do less well than other groups and that their low attainment is a key concern for policymakers and teachers
Summary
English schools have been educating immigrant children for decades. Recently, new arrivals have brought challenges to schools as the majority are relatively new to English. Of the larger European language groups in English schools, Polish, Portuguese, Turkish and Kurdish speakers were achieving below the national average (Demie, 2018a; Tereshchenko and Archer, 2014; Strand et al, 2015; Hollingsworth and Mansaray, 2012). Similar findings emerged from other studies using National Pupil Database (NPD) attainment and language data, confirming that pupils of Eastern European origins, as a group, performed below the national average (see Tereshchenko and Archer, 2014; Demie, 2018a). The article concludes with the implications of the data for policymakers and practitioners in responding to the support needs of different Eastern European groups
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