EDUCATION OF ZHYTOMYR IN THE HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL DIMENSION (FIRST THIRD OF THE 20TH CENTURIES)

Abstract

This article is the result of trying to reveal some aspects of the activity of vocational schools and art educational institutions in Zhytomyr, Volyn province in the Ukrainian context of the first third of the 20th century. Based on the analysis of archival documents, the authors have found that during this period vocational schools (Industrial, Land Management, Trade and Cooperative, Jewish, Medical School, Handicraft Boarding School, etc.) were found, 4 and 7-year Labour Schools, among which there were Ukrainian, Jewish, Russian, Polish, as well as art institutions. The activity of educational institutions is examined, the peculiarities of their functioning are described, in particular, material and technical condition, national, social and quantitative composition of students, teaching staff, academic disciplines, forms and methods of teaching, etc. It is proved that one of the most required educational institutions of the first third of the 20th century was the vocational school of Land Management, where children of the poor had the opportunity to study. It was established that the funding was provided from the fund of special funds and the local budget, in addition a scholarship was paid from the state and local budgets. It was also established that there were difficult working conditions at the Industrial Vocational School and also at the Handicraft and Industrial Boarding School. In particular, there was a lack of equipment, premises, accessories for laboratories and offices, etc. The authors examined the conditions of activity of the Trade and Cooperative Vocational School, which unlike many educational institutions of Zhytomyr during its short-term existence, had its own premises with furniture, library, equipped offices, hot breakfasts, scholarship fund, etc. An important centre of art education was a music school, a music vocational school, Music College, a ballet studio, a technical school of arts and others. Based on the study of archival records the article covered some aspects of the ballet studio, the music school and the music vocational school, where children from low-income families studied (there were piano, violin, cello, vocal, vocal, wind instruments classes) as well as the College of Arts. The level of training, direction, study conditions in the College of Arts differed significantly from the music vocational school. It was time to train instrumentalists, vocalists and choir directors. It was during this period that artistic and cultural centres were created, which contributed to the development of choral culture, as well as string and brass bands and so on. This was a period of intensification of the Ukrainian national movement, cultural and educational societies and public organizations.