Education, occupation, and income of nonwhite women

Abstract

2 For example, see Herman P. Miller, Rich Man, Poor Man, Distribution of Income in America (New York: Thomas Crowell, 1964); Ray Marshall, Negro and Organized Labor, (New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1965); Gary Becker, Economics of Discrimination (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1957); Arthur Ross, The Negro in the American Economy, in Arthur M. Ross and Herbert Hill, eds., Race and Poverty (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1967); C. Killingsworth, Negroes in a Changing Labor Market, in Arthur M. Ross and Herbert Hill, eds., Race and Poverty (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1967); R. Fein, An Economic and Social Profile of the Negro American, pp. 815-846, in Kenneth Clark and Talcott Parsons, eds., Negro American (Cambridge, Massachusetts: American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 1965). For two important exceptions see Daniel Moynihan, Employment, Income and the Ordeal of the Negro Family, pp. 745-770, in Talcott Parsons and Kenneth Clark, eds., Race and Poverty (New York: Harcourt, Brace and World, 1965); and U. S. Department of Labor, Women's Bureau, Handbook of Women Workers (Bulletin 294; Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1969), pp. 178-219. 'Before 1940 occupational data were not classified in this manner by the census. However, in a special study, Dr. Alba Edwards determined the occupational distribution by sex and race for 1910, using the classification scheme which has been in effect since 1940. 4 textile industry, which had long been a source of female industrial employment (and in the South offered the only opportunity for industrial employment), generally restricted female hiring to white women. For further information see Robert Smuts, Women and Work in America (New York: Columbia University Press, 1959), p. 9. 343