Abstract
The current world human population is about 7.834 billion as of 25 December 2020 according to the most recent United Nations estimates elaborated by Worldometer. The sustenance and development of civilizations is primarily based on water, mineral and soil resources, and oil and gas hosted in the sediment profile of Earth’s crust. The study of natural sediments and sedimentary rocks, and the processes involved in their formation are embedded in the domain of sedimentology. The science of sedimentology is as old as very beginning of the study of geology itself. The term sedimentology was first used by A.C. Trowbridge in 1925 (Waddell, 1933), but it was not in common use until the 1950s. The progress of sedimentological studies has passed through various phases during the last about two centuries: 1) development of sedimentary petrology initiated by the Western European School (1849-1950s); 2) granulometry and sedimentation by American School (1920s-1960s); 3) lithology and facies analysis by the Russian School (1870s-1970s).
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