Abstract
Ionic fluids have ever been of central interest in physical chemistry, but in recent years have also permeated in biology and resulted in numerous biological applications. It has been well recognized that life occurs in ionic fluids, thus the properties and behavior of ionic fluids are critical to understand many biological phenomena. There have been tremendous progresses during the past a few decades in the theories of ionic fluids, from the cluster expansion theory of McMillan-Mayer, integral equation approaches with the hypernetted chain (HNC)/mean spherical approximation (MSA) and Percus-Yevick (PY) equations, classical density functional theory to recent variational field theory that includes both structure and flow. Theoretical studies have begun to consider more realistic interactions between various components in ionic fluids. However, two properties render ionic fluid theories difficult, namely the long-range correlation of Coulomb interactions and the size/shape effect of various components in ionic fluids. These interactions have distinct consequences on the structure of ionic fluids. Additionally, the long-range nature of the Coulomb interactions not only causes technical problems in theory, but also challenges numerical simulations.
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