Abstract
The accumulation of O2 in atmosphere and water bodies over hundreds of millions of years was 13 accompanied by the evolution of life (Planavsky and Mills, 2021), which includes the development 14 of an intricate cell signaling system composed of antioxidants, reactive oxygen species (ROS) and 15 target proteins (e.g., those containing thiolate groups, methionine, metal centers, selenocysteine and 16 key transcription factors) (Sies et al., 2017). Reactive oxygen species, which are inevitable products 17 of aerobic life, were considered only harmful biochemicals until the early 2000's. Since then, they 18 have been viewed as key cell messengers, essential for all oxygen-dependent life forms (Sies and 19 Jones, 2020
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