Abstract
Most bladder cancers present as classic urothelial carcinoma, but up to 30% of invasive urothelial carcinomas will contain at least 1 histologic variant. There are over 15 histologic variants recognized by the World Health Organization Classification, which demonstrates the vast potential of the urothelium for divergent differentiation during carcinogenesis. 1 Humphrey PA Moch H Cubilla AL Ulbright TM Reuter VE The 2016 WHO classification of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs-part b: prostate and bladder tumours. Eur Urol. 2016; 70: 106-119 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (839) Google Scholar These variants can be present at varying percentages, and they are associated with higher rates of locally advanced and metastatic disease at radical cystectomy. 2 Kim SP Frank I Cheville JC et al. The impact of squamous and glandular differentiation on survival after radical cystectomy for urothelial carcinoma. J Urol. 2012; 188: 405-409 Crossref PubMed Scopus (99) Google Scholar , 3 Turker P Bostrom PJ Wroclawski ML et al. Upstaging of urothelial cancer at the time of radical cystectomy: factors associated with upstaging and its effect on outcome. BJU Int. 2012; 110: 804-811 Crossref PubMed Scopus (90) Google Scholar , 4 Linder BJ Frank I Cheville JC et al. Outcomes following radical cystectomy for nested variant of urothelial carcinoma: a matched cohort analysis. J Urol. 2013; 189: 1670-1675 Crossref PubMed Scopus (72) Google Scholar , 5 Xylinas E Rink M Robinson BD et al. Impact of histological variants on oncological outcomes of patients with urothelial carcinoma of the bladder treated with radical cystectomy. Eur J Cancer. 2013; 49: 1889-1897 Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (139) Google Scholar
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