Abstract
democratisation has not been effective in constructing representational systems that open equitable political opportunities to the wide population compared to the strong influence of powerful elites; in contending sedimented practices in the formal political arena like clientelism and corruption; and in developing the necessary confidence among its citizens that a legitimate democratic regime demands1. Furthermore, the transition to democracy overlaps with the implementation of a series of neoliberal economic reforms that, while opening certain opportunities to economic growth in some countries, have not been successful in reducing the scandalous socio-economic inequalities of the region and its high levels of poverty (CEPAL 2010; Cortes 2011).
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