Editorial: CD1- and MR1-Restricted T Cells in Antimicrobial Immunity

S.M Mansour Haeryfar,Thierry Mallevaey

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2015.00611

S.M Mansour Haeryfar, Thierry Mallevaey

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2015.00611

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Journal: Frontiers in Immunology	Publication Date: Dec 2, 2015
Citations: 10	License type: cc-by

Affiliation: University of Toronto

Abstract

The main function of the immune system is to protect the host against microbial pathogens and their deleterious products. Innate defense mechanisms quickly eliminate infectious intruders or keep them in check until highly specific adaptive responses that also give rise to immunological memory are launched. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted T cells are key players of adaptive immunity. The remarkable diversity of their T cell receptors (TCRs) allows for specific recognition of peptides derived from virtually all protein antigens (Ags) including those harbored or even modified by the most vicious pathogens encountered over one’s lifetime. Conventional T cells sense and respond to pathogen-derived peptides complexed with polymorphic MHC molecules. This is called the rule of MHC restriction (1).

Highlights

The main function of the immune system is to protect the host against microbial pathogens and their deleterious products
INKT cells are perhaps the most widely studied population of CD1-restricted T cells. They are relatively infrequent in circulation and in most lymphoid and non-lymphoid tissues. They amass in the mouse liver and in the human omentum [15], which was dubbed the “abdominal policeman” in 1906 [16]. invariant NKT (iNKT) cells express NK cell markers along with a canonical T cell receptors (TCRs) consisting of an invariant α chain (Vα14-Jα18 in mice and Vα24-Jα18 in humans) and one of the only few β chain choices, namely mouse Vβ8.2, Vβ2, or Vβ7 and human Vβ11
Positive selection of iNKT cells is executed by CD1d+CD4+CD8+ thymocytes [6] endogenous CD1d ligand(s) involved in iNKT cells’ thymic selection have been elusive

Summary

Introduction

The main function of the immune system is to protect the host against microbial pathogens and their deleterious products. These include CD1restricted T cells [e.g., natural killer T (NKT) cells] and MR1-restricted mucosa-associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, which are the subjects of discussion by leading experts in this Research Topic. Certain selflipids and exogenous glycolipids derived from a relatively wide spectrum of pathogens can be presented to NKT cells by CD1d, which is considered the Group 2 CD1 molecule.

Results

Conclusion