Abstract
Functional films based on black chia (Salvia hispanica L.) seed mucilage (BCm) containing Rhus microphylla (Rm) fruit phenolic extract were built and characterized. A hydro-alcohol extract (HAE) of Rm was incorporated as the bioactive agent due to its noteworthy phenolic profile, and good antioxidant and antifungal activities. The effects of the BCm concentration (0.2% and 0.4%, w/v), HAE incorporation, and their interaction with glycerol (1.0%, w/v) and calcium chloride (0.05%, w/v) on the films’ physicochemical properties were evaluated. The filmogenic solutions successfully fitted to the Herschel–Bulkley model (R2 < 0.999), exhibiting a pseudoplastic and shear thinning character, typical of polymer solutions. Interestingly, their rheological properties were not (p > 0.05) changed by the HAE addition, but their surface tension was enhanced (p < 0.05), which could favor their coating ability. The polyanionic nature of the systems (zeta potential-Zp values from −26.9 to −33.3 mV) allowed them to interact with Ca2+ cations, thus forming stable and resistant films. All the films showed low water solubility (15.0% to 22.3%) and high permeability (3.7 to 4.0 × 10−10 g m−1 s−1 Pa−1), as well as high biodegradability (moisture content from 66.0% to 80.9%); although the moisture content was reduced (p < 0.05) with HAE addition. The combination of higher BCm ratio and HAE addition (BCm0.4+Rm) led to a more resistant, thick, opaque, and dark film compared with the others obtained. This study reveals the BCm-based films’ potential, highlighting those with HAE, representing a novel alternative to improve the quality of food products.
Highlights
The greatest losses in crops that occur in pre- and post-harvest stages are produced by microorganisms, mostly phytopathogenic fungi (e.g., Fusarium oxysporum and Corynespora cassiicola) [1].The conventional management in the pre-harvest stage is based on synthetic pesticides; their indiscriminate use usually generates a microorganism’s resistance to most synthetic pesticides, and negative effects on human health and the environment [2,3]
R. coriaria L. fruit aqueous extracts when compared to those extracted with ethanol
The results showed that film thickness was significantly affected (p < 0.05) by black chia seed mucilage (BCm) concentration and hydro-alcohol extract (HAE)
Summary
The greatest losses in crops that occur in pre- and post-harvest stages are produced by microorganisms, mostly phytopathogenic fungi (e.g., Fusarium oxysporum and Corynespora cassiicola) [1].The conventional management in the pre-harvest stage is based on synthetic pesticides; their indiscriminate use usually generates a microorganism’s resistance to most synthetic pesticides, and negative effects on human health and the environment [2,3]. The greatest losses in crops that occur in pre- and post-harvest stages are produced by microorganisms, mostly phytopathogenic fungi (e.g., Fusarium oxysporum and Corynespora cassiicola) [1]. It is imperative to develop products based on natural compounds, which are effective in controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms, without generating residuality in the produce. In this context, some plants of Rhus genus such as R. muelleri and R. coriaria L., are characterized for their high phenolic, triterpenes, and other compounds’ contents, which contribute to their reported antimicrobial activity [5,6]. Considering Rhus species potential, Rm could be a new natural source of compounds with a wide range of bioactivities, such as antimicrobial and antioxidant actions
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