Ediacaran high-pressure collision metamorphism and tectonics of the southern Ribeira Belt (SE Brazil): Evidence for terrane accretion and dispersion during Gondwana assembly

Abstract

The Curitiba Terrane represents a major segment of the southern Ribeira Belt (SE Brazil), which was derived from the collision between the São Francisco, Congo, Paranapanema and Luís Alves Cratons during the Neoproterozoic (Brasiliano/Pan-African Orogeny). The tectonic setting and the metamorphic records of two major juxtaposed units from the Curitiba Terrane, a Neoproterozoic shallow continental-shelf metasedimentary assemblage (Turvo-Cajati Formation) and an Archaean to Paleoproterozoic TTG-type orthogneiss assemblage (Atuba Complex), were investigated. Migmatitic paragneisses from the Turvo-Cajati Formation underwent a deep collision metamorphism. Conventional geothermobarometry and petrological modelling in the system NCKFMASHTi indicate peak metamorphic conditions between 670 and 810 °C at 9.5–12 kbar. Metamorphic paths calculated from zoned garnet and plagioclase using the Gibbs method of differential thermodynamics indicate distinct evolution for two major groups of migmatites from the Turvo-Cajati Formation: (i) kyanite migmatites evolved from low-temperature eclogite to high-pressure granulite facies conditions following near isobaric heating; (ii) sillimanite migmatites underwent near isothermal decompression and apparently evolved from high-temperature eclogite facies conditions. Chemical dating of monazite indicates that the peak metamorphism of the Turvo-Cajati Formation occurred at 589 ± 12 Ma, followed by a greenschist facies metamorphic overprint at 579 ± 8 Ma related with late transcurrent shear zones. 40Ar– 39Ar biotite ages indicate that the Turvo-Cajati Formation cooled below 250–300 °C at 555 ± 4 Ma. P– T data and petrological evidence of rocks from the Atuba Complex suggest a retrograde metamorphic path with cooling from 730 to 630–650 °C at 6–7 kbar. Available K–Ar and 40Ar– 39Ar data indicate that the Atuba Complex had cooled to below 300–500 °C between ca. 590 and 580 Ma. Geochronological data indicate that the main metamorphism of the Turvo-Cajati Formation and the Atuba Complex are coeval, but very contrasting metamorphic signatures reflect formation in different parts of a collisional suture. The integration of structural and petrological data indicates that the structural pattern of the Curitiba Terrane is related to Ediacaran westward directioned nappes during the late- to postmetamorphic period. This is concomitant with a main, crustal-scale, strike-slip regime, dominant throughout the Ribeira Belt. The nappe stack was later deformed by cylindrical folds with E–W trending sub-horizontal axes parallel to the synthrusting stretching lineation and was dismembered and dispersed by late sinistral strike-slip shear zones. The late tectonic assembly of the Ribeira Belt was controlled by significant postcollision terrane dispersion along major strike-slip shear zones.