Abstract
Smart grid is a new vision of the conventional power grid to integrate green and renewable technologies. Smart grid (SG) has become a hot research topic with the development of new technologies, such as IoT, edge computing, artificial intelligence, big data, 5G, and so on. The efficiency of SG will be increased by smart embedded devices that have intelligent decision-making ability. Various types of sensors and data sources will collect data of high resolution. One of the vital challenges for IoT is to manage a large amount of data produced by sensors. Sending this massive amount of data directly to the cloud will create problems of latency, security, privacy, and high bandwidth utilization. This issue is addressed by edge computing (EC). In EC, the data are processed at the edge of the network that is near the embedded gadgets. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the smart grid systems, based on IoT and EC. The development in the rising technologies, the framework for EC-IoT-based SG, and requirements to implement the EC-IoT-based SG system are highlighted in the paper. Framework for EC-IoT-based SG is examined, and important requirements to implement the EC-IoT-based SG system are outlined. Finally, some critical issues and challenges faced in the implementation of EC-IoT-based SG systems are identified. Some important open research issues are also identified.
Highlights
An immense number of loosely interlinked synchronous alternate current grids are involved in traditional power grids
All these tasks are performed by utility companies, who supply electrical power to consumers, and a billing mechanism is used for the recovery of their costs and earning profit. e consumption of electrical energy has increased dramatically since 1970 [2]
Smart grid (SG) is an underlying technology that will provide significant changes to the present power grid, energy resources, and consumer lives. It will solve the problems of unidirectional energy flow, growing energy demand, energy wastage, security, and reliability in the conventional power grid
Summary
An immense number of loosely interlinked synchronous alternate current grids are involved in traditional power grids. A centralized system is used to monitor and control each grid so that the energy generated by the power plants should be sufficient for the needs of consumers and within the limits of the power plants. All these tasks (generation, transmission, and distribution) are performed by utility companies, who supply electrical power to consumers, and a billing mechanism is used for the recovery of their costs and earning profit. IoTbased smart grids need six fundamental technologies which include software-defined objects, model protocols, edge computing-based analysis, intelligent sensing, low cost, and network information security. Our survey deals with the integration of edge computing with IoT-based smart grid.
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